Physical Characteristics
| General | |
| Obesity | Diabetes mellitus, Stein Leventhal (with hirsutism) |
| Truncal Fat with thin limbs |
Cushing’s disease Cushing’s disease vs. syndrome: Disease: excess cortisol due to excess ACTH Syndrome: excess cortisol regardless of cause |
| Hirsutism | Cushing’s adrenogenital syndrome Adrenal and ovarian tumors |
| Fever | Thyroiditis Hypothyroid |
| Children | |
| Growth Retardation | Hypopituitarism (tumor, thick, dry, mottled sallow skin, large protruding tongue, thick lips with open, drooling mouth, broad face, upturned nose, puffy hands and feet.) |
| Skin | |
| Pigmentation | Pituitary tumors Hyperthyroidism Addison’s disease (especially in exposed areas, palmar creases, points of pressure and friction, buccal mucosa, lips, vagina) |
| Ecchymoses | Cushing’s disease |
| Flushing | Pheochromocytoma |
| Vitiligo | Addison’s disease Diabetes mellitus Hypothyroid Hyperthyroid Hashimoto’s thyroiditis |
| Dryness | Diabetes mellitus |
| Rough, dry, thick | Hypothyroid |
| Warm, moist | Hyperthyroid, Pheochromocytoma Acromegaly Hypoglycemia |
| Cold extremities | Addison’s disease Hypothyroid Pheochromocytoma |
| Dry, longitudinally ridged nails | Hypothyroid |
| Sergent’s white adrenal line (lightly stroke the abdomen with blunt instrument; + = pale line appears 30 seconds after stroke, and then increases with whiteness and remains for 2-3 minutes) |
Addison’s disease |
EENT
| Feature: Sign | Condition |
| Face: prominent brow and jaw, enlarged nose, ears, lips, | Acromegaly |
| Face: myxedema (dull, puffy, non-pitting edema, especially around eyes with dry skin, coarse thick hair and thin eyebrows) |
Hypothyroid |
| Face: moon-shaped (round face with red cheeks) | Cushing’s disease |
| Hair: fine | Hyperthyroid |
| Hair: coarse | Hypothyroid |
| Mouth: acetone breath | Diabetes mellitus |
| Fast speech | Hyperthyroid |
| Slow, thick, hoarse voice | Hypothyroid Thyroid nodule |
